2018年1月5日星期五

Eight or nine major dialects?

We usually say China has eight major dialects. Some people also classify Chinese dialects as nine major dialects and ten major dialects. In fact, what we call "eight dialects", "nine dialects", or even "ten great dialects" are only the Han dialects in China. If the language of ethnic minorities is added, Chinese dialects can also be drawn more and more finely.

1. Northern dialect

It is customarily called "official words". There are Northeastern Mandarin, northwest Mandarin, Jin dialect, and southwest mandarin. Taking Beijing dialect as the representative, including the Yangtze River north, Zhenjiang above Jiujiang along the Yangtze River, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Hubei, Hunan two provinces in the northwestern part of the Guangxi area, the population accounts for more than 70% of the total number of Han nationality. Living in the area where the Shiren dialect, their natural language belongs to the northern dialect. And from this dialect area to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Ho's people and overseas Chinese, overseas Chinese, Chinese, whose "mother tongue" belongs to the northern dialect.

2. Cantonese dialect

Represented by Guangzhou dialect, it is distributed in most areas of Guangdong province and in southeastern Guangxi. Most of the overseas Chinese in Hong Kong, Australia and the Nanyang and some other countries say Cantonese dialect, which accounts for about 5% of the total population of the Han nationality.


3. Hunan dialect

As the representative of Changsha dialect, it is distributed in most parts of Hunan Province, and the population is about 5% of the total number of Han people. Living in this area where Shiren dialect belongs to Xiang dialect, their language. From this dialect area to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, Ho's ethnic people and overseas Chinese and Chinese, whose "mother tongue" is the Xiang dialect.





4. Gan Fangyan

Represented by Nanchang dialect, it is mainly distributed in Jiangxi province (the eastern part along the river and south part) and Southeast Hubei province. The population accounts for about 2.4% of the total number of Han nationality.  This dialect region where Shiren language belongs to Gan dialect. From this dialect area, the people of Ho's and the overseas Chinese and Chinese who live in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan are the dialect of the Gan dialect of the "native" angelica.

5. Hakka Dialect

Represented by Meixian dialect in Guangdong, it is mainly distributed in the eastern, southern and northern parts of Guangdong, Southeast of Guangxi, Fujian Province, Jiangxi, and Hunan and Sichuan. The population accounts for about 4% of the total number of Han people. This dialect region where Shiren language belongs to the Hakka dialect. From the dialect area to the HOS and the overseas Chinese and the Chinese who live in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, the "mother tongue" is the Hakka dialect.

6. Fujian Dialect

Represented by Fuzhou dialect, a part of the distribution in the northern part of Fujian province and Taiwan Province, overseas Chinese also have some people say in dialect. The population accounts for about 1.2% of the total number of Han people. This dialect region where Shiren language belongs to the Northern Fujian dialect. What's people from this dialect area moved to Hong Kong and Macao and overseas Chinese, overseas Chinese in Ho, the "mother tongue" as Fujian dialect.

7. Minnan Dialect

Represented by Xiamen dialect, it is distributed in the southern part of Fujian Province, part of Eastern Guangdong province and Hainan Province, and most of Taiwan province. Overseas Chinese there are a lot of people say Minnan dialect, using population accounted for about 3%. The total number of Han dialects where Shiren language belongs to the Minnan dialect. From this dialect area, the people of Ho's and the overseas Chinese and Chinese who live in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, whose "mother tongue" is the dialect of Minnan.

8. Wu dialect

The Wu dialect is known as "Wu Nong fine language" and is represented by the Shanghai dialect. (one is represented by Suzhou dialect). It includes most of Zhejiang Province, including the south of the Yangtze River in Jiangsu province and the east part of Zhenjiang (not in Zhenjiang). The population accounts for about 8.4% of the total number of Han people. Living in the area where the Shiren dialect, Wu dialect belongs to their natural language. And from this dialect area to the Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan Ho's people and the overseas Chinese and Chinese who live abroad, the "mother tongue" belongs to the Wu dialect.

As for the newly discovered "dialect dialect", it is mostly distributed in the area of Guangxi, which is characterized by the erosion of the northern dialect to the southern dialect area.

Here is a special talk on the dialect of Hainan.

Hainan has been a "immigrant area" from ancient times to the present, so the language on the island is also deeply branded as "immigrant". It can be said that the language of Hainan Island is the epitome of the eight major dialects of China. Now, Hainan Island for the Han people of several generations, in addition to pass the "Mandarin", also pass a dozen dialects (including minority languages), such as: Hainan dialect (Minnan dialect), Jun dialect (Southwest Mandarin - northern dialect), "Ai" (Hakka dialect and vernacular Chinese) (Yue Fangyan). In addition, Hainan and Han residents: Danzhou (suspected Guangdong dialect), Mai dialect (suspected Guangdong dialect variation) and words (Lingao suspected Guangxi Zhuang Cun (variation), word language unknown) etc..

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